Computing machine



May 5, 1925.

T. J. WAVRUNEK COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Sept. 18", 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 l N V ENTOR.'

@QWM

/D/mw r ATTORNEYS.

May-5, 192s.

T. J. wAvRUNEK COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Sept. 18, 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 R mw QW n uw @Sw @www S nn.

EN MN m. @w E AN. In am A TTORNE YS.

Patented May 5, 1925.

UNITED STATES THOMAS J. WAVRUNEK, F SHAXVANO, VJSCCNSlN.

COMPUTING` MACHINE.

Application filed September To a?? inkom t may conce/m.'

lle it known that l, Tiro-Mas J. lVAvnUNnK, a citizen of the United States, residing at Shawano, in the county of Shawauo and State ot lVisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Computing Machines, ot which the toliowing is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming a part thereof.

This invention relates more particularly to computing machines having number bearing wheels and means for rotating them determinate variable degrees to indicate numbers, pei't'orm the operations ot' addition and subtraction, and register the resuits.

lts main objects are to facilitate such operations, to obtain accurate results, and minerali)Y to simplit7 and improve the construction and operation of machines of this class.

Ait consists in the construction, ar 'angementaud combination ot parts as hereinafter particularly described and pointed out in the claims.

in the accompanying drawing like characters designate the same parts in the sevc 'al tigures.

Figure t is a plan view, broken away, ot a computing machine embodying the invention; Fig. 2 is a side elevation ot the same as viewed from the right relative to Fig. l; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section on the line 3 3, Fig. l; Fig. et is a cross section on the. line ll-ll, Figs. l and 3, and Fig. 5 is a cross section on the line 5 5, Fig. 2.

ihe machine as shown, comprises a casing l, which ma)Y be made ot' sheet metal in separable sections detachably connected in any suitable manner to provide for assembling the component. parts of the internal mechanism and lor convenient access thereto.

The top ot the casing` adjacent the troutend which serves as a kcv board or plate 2, is termed with a number, in the present case six, parallel key slots 3, running lengthwise thereof. The plate Q is also preferabl7 termed with a transverse row ot sight openings a. one at the right of each slot. rlhe casing provided on the top between its rear end and the kelv slots 3,'with a raised wheel housingl or hood (3. termed in the upper part ol its iiront wall with a transparts bein 18, 1920. Serial No, 411,256.

verse row otl parallel vertical slots T, and below the slots with a transverse row ot sight openings S. Number wheels l0, are rotatably mounted coaxial with one another, on a transverse shatt il, fastened at the ends to the sides oi the casing or hood 6. Each number wheel is provided on its periphery with a series ot evenl)Y spaced numbers, zero to nine, which are exposed one at a time through the sight` openings vS. Each wheel is also provided on the right hand side with two concentric series ot ratchet pins or teeth l2 and 13, cach series consisting of ten pins or teeth spaced to correspond 'ith the spacing ot the numbers on the periphery of the. wheel.- llach wheel except the last at the lett, is also provided on the opposite or lett hand side, with a single Carr)7 pin or tooth 14.

Spring pressed dogs or pawls 15, by viclding engagement with the pins or teeth il, prevent backward rotation and overrunning` ot the number wheels. These dogs or pawls ma)v be pivoted as shown in- Fig. 3, to brackets lo, which are mounted on a board or platey il', fastened to and supported horizontally in the casing. t

At the right ot eac-h number wheel l0, a pinion iS is loose.)r mounted ou the shai't A spring pressed pawl it), Fig. Il pivoted toeach pinion or the hub thereof. vis adapted by engagement with the pins or teeth i2, to turn the next number wheel to the lett ciockwise when the pinion .is rotated in that direction.

The pins i2v and 1&5, with which the pawl if) and dog 153 o'i lich number wheel cngage, maY be extended radiall)Y and merge with one another and thus torni a single series ot ten teeth, theV two series ot pins being the equivalent ot a single series oi" radial teeth. f

A number ot parallel lougitudinalllgr movable ke)Y bars 20, are mounted and guided on cross bars or supports 2i and 22, in the upper part ot the casing just below the key board or plate 2, there being` one ot these bars for each number wheel it) and pinion 1S. Each ke5Y bar is provided with a rack which meshes with the pinion 18 o't` the corresponding number wheel.

The key bars are provided on the uriner side at corresponding points between their ends, with dependingI pins or projections it, and on the upper side with plates 25, each numbered trom zero te nine to correspond llt) with the 'numbers of the wheels 10. These numbers are exposed to vie-w one at a time ythrough the sightopenings 4 in the key board or plate v2.

Each bar is provided with a longitudinal series of nine depressible keys 27,

. designated by numbers thereon in the order lin place in the key bars by a friction brake or dragconsisting of spring wires30, einbracing the stems and bent inwardly towards each other and fastened to the key bars between the stems' by staples 31, as shown in Fig. 1. One of each pair of wires engaging the flat faces of the notches, holds the stemsy 28 with the keys 27 from turning, and by engagement with the shoulders at the ends of the notches, limits the vertical movement of the keys.

The cross bar 22 serves as a stop for limiting the Vforward movement of the key bars l20, according to the adjustment of the keys 27, by engagement with the stems 28 of such keys as are depressed.

F or operating the vkey barsand turning' thenumber wheels according to the adjustment or setting of the keys, vthe machine is provided with a transverse shifter bar 34, ffastened at the ends to slides 3,5, which are guided and movable in the casingy parallel with the key bars. y

A rocker shaft 37, supported by bearings on vthe mounting plate 17 adjacent the rear' end vof the casing and projecting through openings in the sides thereof, is provided at the ends with arms 38 and 39, connected by links 40 with the -slides 35 of the shifter bar 34 through slots 41 in the sides of the casing. A Thearm 38 is extended and providedwith an operatingvhandle 42.

F or returning the keys 27 to normal position after they have been depressed and have arrested the .forward movement of the key bars ley-engagement with the stop bai'r 22, the machine is provided with a vertically mov- ,l ablelifter bar 44, having upwardly projecting pins 45, which are guided in the motilitmg plate 1r in register with the stems 28 or keys which have been depressed and arrestedin their forward .movement with the ba rs 2O by the stop bar 22.

The bar 44 is pivotally connected with levers46, which aie fulcrunied between their ends onbrackets 47 attached to the under side of the plate 17. At the ends opposite the 'bar 44 the levers 46 are vconnected by a cross rod 48 which y'projects at its ends through slots 49 in the sides of the casing 1, into the path of the arms 38 and 39.

A spring 50, fastened to the plate 17 and engaging the rod 48, normally holds the lifter bar 4.4 with its pins in its normal lower position, as shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5.

To turn anumber wheel of a higher denomination one step whenever a number wheel of the next lower denomination has been turned one complete revolution, or ten steps, for carrying in the operation of addition, the machine is provided with ratchet bars 52, projecting at their front ends through and guided in the slots 7 of the wheel hood 6, and provided with handles or finger pieces 53. rlhe bars 52 are pivotal'ly connected at their rear ends with rocker arms 54, extending upwardly from a cross shaft or rod 55 .on which they are loosely mounted, the shaft or lrod 55 being fastened `at the ends to the side walls of .the hood 6 and supported thereby behind the number wheels 10 parallel with the shaft 11. A ratchet bar is associated with each number wheel 10 at the right hand side thereof, and

is guided by its rocker arm 54 `and the slot 7 in the hood 6, in position to cooperate with ther pins or teeth 13 of the ratchet wheel.

Each rocker arm 54, except that at the extreme right, vis connected with a wiper arm 56, which extends normally forward from the shaft or rod 5.5 into vthe path of the i:

pin or tooth 14 .on .the left hand `side of the number wheel of the next lower denomination, as shown in Figs. 1 and3.

As shown in Fig. 1, the key board or plate r 2 is provided at the left hand side of each key slot 3 with a series of numbers, 1 to 9, arranged in reverse order to the numbers designating `the keys and oppOSite the keys in their normal positions. Each of these series or columns of numbers is designated at the top Sub They are used in the inanipulation of the keys for subtraction.

ln place of a separate series or column of numbers for each row or series of keys, the

key board or plate may .beprovided with a single series oivcolumnof numbers at each or either side, to designate the keys for the operations of subtraction, and instead of lill Lll)

the operator first depresses the key marked 8 in the units column, or irst column at the right. He then grasps the handle 42 and pulls it forward or towards him as far as it will go. The shifter bar 34 is thus carried forward, and engaging with the lower end of the stem 28 of units key 8, carries it with the units key bar 20, forward, till it engages the stop bar 22, thereby arresting the key bar with the stem of the depressed key in vertical alignment with the right hand litter pin 45, which is then directly below it, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. After the movement of the key bar with the depressed key has been thus arrested, a. slight continued movement of the handle 42, which movement is then almdst direct-ly downward and at right angles to the movement of the key bars, carries the arms 38 and 39 downward in engagement with the cross rod 48, thereby raising the lifter bar 44 with the pins 45 and returning the depressed key to its normal position. lith the forward movement of the units key bar 20, the units number wheel 10 was turned by the associated rack 23, pinion 18 and pawl 19, in engagement with one of the pins or teeth 12, eight steps, thereby bringing the number 8 thereon, into view through the right hand sight opening 8. The handle 42 is then turned upward and backward to its original position, as shown in Figs. 2 and 5. The shifter bar 34 is thus carried backward to its original position indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 3, and by engagement with the pin or projection 24, returns the units key bar to its normal position, without effect however, on the units number wheel, which is held against backward rotation by the dog 15, the pawl 19 slipping over the ratchet pins or teeth 12 and leaving the number 8 on the units wheel exposed to view.

The operator then proceeds in like manner to register the next number 9, by depressing the key marked 9 in the units column and then pulling the handle 42 towards him, thereby turning the units wheel 1() nine additional steps, and bringing into view through the right hand sight opening 8, the number 7, as shown in Fig. 4. In this peration, the units wheel having been turned altogether more than ten steps, the pin or too-th 14 thereon is carried by the adjacent wiper arm G, and through the connected rocker arm 54, thrusts the associated tens ratchet bar 52 forward or towards the operator, as sho-wn in Fig. 3. The depressed units key 9 is lifted to its normal position, and the handle 42 being returned by the yoperator to its original position, again restores the units key bar to its normal position. The tens ratchet bar 52, or the second one from the right, is then pushed back by the operator into its normal position in the hood 6, thereby turning the tens number wheel one step and bringing the number 1 thereon into view, as shown in Fig. 5, and registering the sum of the two numbers 8 and 9, viz: 17.

To add larger numbers of two or more figures each, as :tor example, 2738 and 1349, the first number is set up by depressing the keys marked 2, 7, 3 and 8 in the thousands, hundreds, tens and units columns or series of keys respectively. The handle 42 is then pulled over towards the operator, and the shifter bar 34 picks up the stems 28 of the depressed keys in their different positions and carries them forward against the stop bar 22 into transverse alignment with one another and into vertical alignment with the lifter pins 45. The key bars 2O with which the depressed keys are connected, being shifted therewith distances corresponding with the initial positions of the depressed keys relative to the stop bar 22, the numbers 2, 7, 3 and 8 on the several bars from left to right, are brought into view through the corresponding sight openings 4. The number wheels associated with the shifted key bars are also turned correspondingly and bring the numbers 2, 7, 3 and 8 thereon into view through the sight openings 8. The first number' to be added is thus displayed in two places and may be easily verified by the operator.

The lifter bar 44 being raised as the handle 42 is carried to the end of its torward movement towards the operator, rcturns all the depressed keys simultaneously to their normal positions on the bars 20.

The handle 42 is turned backward to its original position and restores all the displaced key bars to normal position, bringing the zeros thereon back into View in the sight openings 4, but leaving the number 2738 displayed in the sight openings 8.

The second number, 1349, is then set up in like manner and registered by depressing the proper keys 27 and moving the handle 42 forward and backward as hei-einbeore explained.

In registering the last number, the lens and thousands ratchet bars 52 are pushed forward towards the operator by the carrying mechanism as hereinbeiore explained, and the number 3077 will appear in the sight openings 8.

These ratchet bars are then thrust backward by the operator into their original positions, proceeding from right to lett, thoreby turning the tens and thousands number wheels forward one step each, and displayc a i) ing 1n the sight openings 8, the number 'l 4087, which is the sum of 2738 and 1349.

Any two or more numbers or' denominations and amount within the compass of the machine, may be added in like manner, the

machine shown having six nmnber wheels, 1

lll() lUS beine' adapted for adfltiell Of vfury linmean-S Whose sum does not exceed 999,999. i The number of Wheels -l-O and parts cooperating therewith may be increased for ,c omputaftiens involving larger amounts. i

For subtraction the machine is operated in a similar manner. To subtract 13%9 from 2738 for example, the larger number or minuend, isset up and registered as already-ei;- plained. The smaller number or subtrahend is then deducted from the larger` vnumber and the result is registered by depressingkeys 27 according .to the numbers in the c oluinns designated S iib the left of the seyeral rows or series of keys, the subtraliend `numeral of each higher denomination being increased by l when the minuend numeral of the next lower denomination is less than the numeral of the same denomination in the subtrahend; thus: the units key numbered 1 opposite the numeral 9 in .the Subcolumn at the left, the tens key numbered 5 opposite the numeral v5 in the ynext Sub column to the left, the hundreds key numbered G opposite the numeral d in the next- Siub7 column to the left, and the thousands key numbered 9 `opposite the numeral l in the next Sub column to the lef-t are depressed, and the handle@ is turned forward and backward as in addition, er1- cept that the hundreds and -thousands ratchet bars which have been shifted forivard ,by the carrying n'iechanism are not returned by the operator to their original positions so as to -tui'n the corresponding number Wheelseach one step, as in the operation of addition.

The forward movement of the handle 42 which turns the number Wheels in this case brings the numbers l, 3, Sand 9 thereon into view in the sight openings S, and the number 1389 thus displayed is' the diiferenceor remainder resulting from the subt action.

The ratchet bars 52 Which have been shifted forward in the operation of the machine for subtraction, may be returned to normal position Without turning the number Wheels, by lifting them outof engagement with the ratchet pins or teeth 13 and then thrusting them backward into normal position.

The' foregoing operations ofthe machine in subtracting 1349 `from 2738 are equivalent to the operations in addition proceeding from right to left:

Vthe carried over numbers in the last two ber Wheels all set at Zero, by turning the Wheels separately` With the ratchet bars 52,

0r all tliewheelS-may be,turned,smultaae' Various changes in 'structural details of j the inachinenmay be `made YWithout materially affecting its mode of opera-tion and Without departing from the principle and scope of the invention as defiiiedin the following claims.

I claim:

l. In a computing machine the combination ofI a series o f number Wheels, longitudinal-ly and independently inoyable paralf lel key bars each provided with a series ot' independently fdepressiblekeys and with a fined projection, a fixed stop arranged to engage depressed keys and arrest the movement ofthe bars in one direction, a nii-anually operated ytransverse shiftingbar adapted by engagen'ient. With depressed keys to carry them With d ieiribars in one direction against said stop and by engagement with said fixed projections to return the bars to their normal positions, andineans for' converting longitudinal moyfements of the key bars .in oned-irection into corresponding rotary -moyeinents of the associated number.

Wheels.

2. In a computing` machine the combination of a casing having a key plate with parallel slots and a raised .Wheel hood With sight openings adjacent one end of the key plate, la series of number Wheels mounted in the hood and each numbered from zero to nine, the numbers on each Wheel being exposed one at a time through asight opening in the hood, longitudinally `movable parallel key bars mounted in the casing and each provided with a fixed projection and with a seriesof depressible keys numbered from one to -nine, a iXed stop adapted'by engagement With depressed keys to arrest the forward inoyement ofthe key barsat a certain point, atransverse shifting b ar lguided in the ca sing parallel with the key'bars and adapted by engagement With depressed keys to shift them forward against the stop different distances according to their positions relative to y the bars by which ,they are carried and` by engagement with said projections to return the bars to their normal positions, and means ferconverting shifting increments of the Vbars into corresponding rotary movements of the several associated number` Wheels 3. In a computing machine the combinationA of a casing ,provided With a key plate haring parallel longitudinal slots and sight openings adjacent the slots and with a wheel hoodhaving sight openings, Wheels mounted in tlie hood andeach ,hai/tinge s eiiesof numbers from zero to nine exposed one at a time through an opening in the hood, longitudinally movable parallel key bars mounted in the casing and each having a projection and a series of numbers from zero to nine exposed one at a time through a sight opening in the casing, a corresponding series of depressible keys carried by each key bar, a tixed stop adapted by engagement with depressed keys to arrest the forward movement of the key bars at a certain point, a transverse shifting bar guided in the casing parallel with the key bars and adapted by engagement with depressed keys to shift them forward against the stop and by engagement with said projections to return the bars to normal position, means for converting movements et the bars in one direction into corresponding rotary movements of the wheels, a litter arranged to raise depressed keys to their normal positions at the limit of their ilorward movement with the bars, and means for manually operating` the shitting bar and lifter.

et. In a computing machine the combination ot a series of number wheels, longitudinally and independently movable parallel key bars each provided with a series of independently depressible keys and with a tixed projection, a fixed stop arranged to engage depressed keys and to arrest the movement ot the bars in one direction, a shifting bar disposed transversely to and movable lengthwise of the key bars and adapted by engagement with depressed keys to carry them with their bars in one direction against said stop and by engagement with said .tixed projections to return the bars to their normal positions, and a vertically movable litter adapted to raise the depressed keys to their normal positions at the limit of their movement with the bars determined by the stop.

In a computing machine the combination oit a series of number wheels each provided with a series of numbers and with a like number of correspondingly spaced ratchet teeth, each number wheel except that ot the highest denomination having a carrying tooth, a rocker arm associated with each number wheel, a ratchet bar connected with each rocker arm and operable manually to turn the associated number wheel by engagement with its ratchet teeth, a wiper arm connected with the rocker arm of each number wheel except the units wheel and extending normally into the path of the carrying tooth of the number Wheel of the next lower denomination, a series of movable keys for each number Wheel, and mechanism controlled in operation by the keys and adapted to impart variable rotary movements to the number wheels according to the adjustment oi the keys.

G. In a computing machine the combination et" a series ot number wheels each having a series et numbers from zero to nine exposed te view one at a time, a corresponding series oi parallel longitudinally and independently movable key bars, mechanism for imparting rotary movement to each wheel by the movement of the corresponding key bar, a series ot depressible keys carried by each bar and having notched stems guided in the bar, and a 'friction drag for resisting and limiting the movement ot' the key stems in each bar consisting of spring wires embracing the stems at the notches therein and bent towards each other and 'fastened to the bar between the stems.

7. lu a computing machine the combination of a casing having parallel longitudinal slots in the top and sides, a series et number wheels mounted coaxially in the casand each having a series of numbers from Zero to nine exposed one at a time to view through a sight opening in the casing, a corresponding series ot parallel longitudinally movable key bars guided in the casing and each provided with a depending projection, a series oit depressible keys carried by each bar and having stems guided therein, a fixed stop bar located below and transversely to the key bars and adapted by engagement with the stems of depressed keys to limit the forward movement ot the bars at a certain point, a vertically movable litter bar provided with upwardly projecting pins registering with the stems of keys in the position in which they are arrested by the stop bar, parallel levers lulcrumed between their ends and connected at one end with the litter bar, a transverse shifter bar guided and movable lengthwise et and below the key bars and adapted in its forward movement to engage the stems of depressed keys and shift them against the stop bar and in its backward movement to engage. said depending projections and return the key bars to normal position, and a transverse rocker shaitt provided with arms connected by links with the shiitter bar and adapted by engagement with the litter levers to raise the lilter bar and return depressed keys to normal position.

nature.

rreforms J. wiivnuunk. 

